Sterling gained on mixed labour market data at the start of this week. Average Weekly Earnings (AWE) came above economists’ expectations in the three months to May. The headline rate rose to 6.9% year-on-year in May, from an upwardly revised 6.7% in April (vs consensus 6.8%). The ex-bonuses rate was stable at an upwardly revised 7.3% (consensus 7.1%). On the other hand, the softer employment data are significant, with the timely PAYE data showing a -9k fall in June (vs consensus +23k).

Overall, the higher wage inflation will likely maintain pressure on the Bank of England (BoE) to tighten policy and increase the likelihood of a +50 basis-point Bank rate rise in August, in my view. However, the loss of momentum in the employment data is probably more informative vis-a-vis consumer demand over the next 12-18 months. 

Sterling outlook continues to be a balance between near-term interest rates and growth concerns. With market investors discounting a terminal interest rate of ~6.40% from the central bank around the turn of the year, Sterling has found widening interest rate differentials simply too tempting to resist despite growing growth risks. When the UK growth is slowing down in the face of acute mortgage refinancing pressure, should be key for Sterling outlook, in my view. This week’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should also be important to provide further insights on the economic impact of rate hikes from the Bank of England, in my opinion.

The USD extends its loss after selling off against the EUR and Sterling last Friday following the June employment report, which showed US labour market has moderated. June nonfarm payrolls were solid (up 209,000, consensus 230,000) but not nearly as robust as Automatic Data Processing Inc (ADP) data signalled. With private payrolls up “only” 149,000 (the softest rise since December 2020), and the prior two months revised down noticeably (net -110,000).

While the trend in private payrolls has slowed, the latest data does not suggest that employment growth has collapsed. The latest three-month average in private payrolls was 196,000 in Q2—a step down from 234,000 averaged in Q1 and 253,000 on average in Q4. Meanwhile, overall earnings data was firmer than expected in June (up 0.4% vs consensus 0.3%) after an upward-revised 0.4% rise (was 0.3%) in May. Despite signs of moderating, there is no sign that labour market conditions have fallen off a cliff. Still-sticky inflation and solid-enough jobs data add to possibilities of the Federal Reserve hiking again in July after the June pause.

Eyes are on US inflation data this week. Base effects will likely pull down inflation measures on a year-over-year basis, but might not prevent the Federal Reserve from hiking further in July, in my view. The inflation report is followed by Producer Price Index (PPI) and preliminary July University of Michigan sentiment in the US. There are also a host of Fed Speakers (including Barr, Daly, Mester, Bostic, Barkin) along with Fed Beige book release.

The EUR started the week on a solid footing despite continued soft data in the region. Last week’s Euro area composite Purchasing Managers’ Indices (PMIs) suggested that activity is stalling on the back of waning services growth and depressed manufacturing.

Overall price pressures were down again this month, led by rapid declines in the manufacturing sector. This week's Germany ZEW* survey expectation index also came in softer than expected. Despite the increasingly obvious slowdown in activity and easing inflationary pressure, European Central Bank (ECB) speakers have kept to their hawkish line. Nevertheless, with US rate expectations moving higher, EUR/USD seems broadly in line with interest rate differentials. How long the central bank’s hawkish stance will remain given recent downside surprises in activity data will be of interest, in my view.

* Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung / Germany’s Sentiment Index

As central banks are close to the end of the tightening cycle, Australia and Malaysia central banks kept their policy rates unchanged last week despite an unexpected 25 basis-point rate hike in their previous meetings.

Poland central bank also held rates unchanged at 6.75% despite some market expectation of a rate cut given the weaker-than-expected CPI data. Whether the central bank will match market investors’ expectation of about 110 basis-points of rate cuts over the next six meetings will be of interest.

This week kicked off with Bank of Israel, which left interest rates unchanged for the first time in over a year after slower inflation. But it signalled that it’s still on alert for the threat of faster inflation.

Wednesday will see New Zealand (RBNZ) and Canada (BoC) central banks meet. The RBNZ will likely pause due to a contraction in GDP growth, while the BoC will likely deliver a hawkish 25 basis-point hike following its surprise 25 basis-point rate hike in June. South Korea and Peru central banks will likely keep rates on hold given inflation has decreased significantly over past several months.